Dhavpro Tablets
Composition
Each Tablet contains:
| Lactobacillus: | 50 million |
| Nicotinamide: | 50 mg |
| Folic acid: | 1 mg |
| Pyridoxine: | 3 mg |
| Zinc: | 15 mg |
| Cyanocobalamin: | 10 mcg |
| Calcium Pantothenate: | 20 mg |
| Biotin: | 100 mcg |
Pharmocology
Lactobacillus
The mechanism of action is presumed to be a result of improving gastrointestinal ecology made possible by replenishing the quantity of desirable obligate microorganisms and antagonizing pathogenic microbes. Two isomeric forms of lactic acid can be produced by lactic acid-producing bacteria dextrorotatory (D(-)) lactic acid and levorotatory (L(+)) lactic acid. L(+) lactic acid is completely metabolized in the body; however, D(-) lactic acid is not completely metabolized, resulting in a degree of metabolic acidosis. Lactobacillus sporogenes produces only L(+) lactic acid. L. sporogenesis assumed to produce bacteriocins and short-chain fatty acids. As the organism grows, it assimilates and incorporates cholesterol into its cellular structure. L. sporogenes possesses significant beta-galactosidase (lactase) activity in vitro.
Vitamin B6 has anti-atherogenic, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic and mood modulatory activities. It may also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities.
Folic Acid
Folic acid is reduced in the body to tetrahydrofolate which is a co-enzyme for various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and, hence, in the synthesis of DNA. Deficiency of folic acid leads to megaloblastic anaemia.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Pyridoxine, once absorbed, is rapidly converted to the co-enzymes, Pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, which play an essential role in protein metabolism. Convulsions and hypochromic anaemia have occurred in infants deficient in pyridoxine.
Pantothenic Acid
Pantothenic acid is incorporated into co-enzyme A (CoA) and is involved in metabolic pathways involving acetylation, which includes detoxification of drug molecules and biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, mucopolysaccharides and acetylcholine. CoA has an essential function in lipid metabolism.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin B12 is present in the body mainly as Methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin and hydroxocobalamin. These act as co-enzymes in the trans methylation of homocysteine to methionine; in the isomerization of methyl malonyl co-enzyme to succinyl co-enzyme and with folate in several metabolic pathways, respectively. Deficiency of vitamin B12 interferes with hemopoiesis and produces megaloblastic anaemia.
Biotin
Biotin is a co-enzyme for carboxylation during the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates.
Zinc
Zinc is a constituent of many enzymes and is, therefore, essential to the body. It is present with insulin in the pancreas. It plays a role in DNA synthesis and cell division. Reported effects of deficiency include delayed puberty and hypogonadal dwarfism.
Pharmacokinetics
Subsequent to oral administration, L. sporogenes passes through the stomach in its spore form and upon arrival in the duodenum, germinates and multiplies rapidly. Estimates suggest that the average duration of time between oral dosing and germination is 4 hours. After germination, L. sporogenesis metabolically active in the intestines, producing lactic acid. L sporogenesis considered semi-resident, indicating that it takes up only a temporary residence in the human intestines. Spores of L. sporogenes are excreted slowly via the faeces for approximately 7 days after discontinuation of administration.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the principal form of vitamin B6 used for food fortification and in nutritional supplements. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is also available as a nutritional supplement. The phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6 undergo hydrolysis in the small intestine via alkaline phosphatase, and the non-phosphorylated forms of the vitamin are absorbed by a non-saturable passive diffusion process, mainly in the jejunum. Most of the absorbed vitamin B6 is transported via the portal circulation to the liver. In the liver, pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are metabolized to pyridoxine 5′-phosphate, pyridoxal 5′- phosphate and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate by pyridoxal 5′-phosphate kinase. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is secreted by the liver and transported by the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body.
Nicotinamide is efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Doses of up to 3 to 4 grams of nicotinamide are almost completely absorbed.
Indications
During and following antibiotic therapy, infantile diarrhoea, non-specific diarrhoea, for correction of disturbed gastrointestinal function in flatulence, malabsorption, to restore and stabilize defective intestinal flora, in aphthous stomatitis, fever blisters and canker sores, hepatic encephalopathy, adolescent acne, and vitamin B complex deficiency.
Dosage and Administration
2 to 3 capsules a day as recommended by the physician
Contraindications
It is contraindicated in those hypersensitive to any component of this product, or a product containing the same ingredients.
Warnings and Precautions
General
The use of this product for any medical indication must be medically supervised.
Those who are being treated with levodopa without concurrently taking the levodopa decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa, should avoid doses of vitamin B6 of 5 milligrams or greater daily.
The use of vitamin B6 for the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency, for the prophylaxis of isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy, for the treatment of vitamin B6-dependency disorders or for the treatment of any other medical condition requires medical supervision.
The use of nicotinamide for any medical indication requires medical supervision.
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid supplemental doses greater than the Indian RDA, unless higher doses are prescribed by their physicians.
Pregnancy
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid supplemental doses greater than the Indian RDA, unless higher doses are prescribed by their physicians
Lactation
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid supplemental doses greater than the Indian RDA, unless higher doses are prescribed by their physicians.
Undesirable Effects
Probiotics are, generally, well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions with the use of probiotics are gastrointestinal and include flatulence and constipation.
Adverse reactions reported with high doses of pyridoxine include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and loss of appetite, and breast soreness. Rare cases of pyridoxine-induced photosensitivity have been reported.
In contrast to nicotinic acid, nicotinamide does not cause flushing and has only very rarely been associated with diabetogenic effects. There are rare reports of elevations in liver tests and liver damage, including jaundice and parenchymal liver cell injury. These reports were in those using very high doses of Nicotinamide (10 grams or greater daily). Adverse reactions in those using high-dose nicotinamide, include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache and dizziness.
Storage and Handling Instructions
Store in a cool, dry place.
Packaging Information
Dhavpro capsules -Strip of 10 capsules
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